AIIB’s Policy on Prohibited Practices establishes a two-tier sanctions system that consists of the Sanctions Officer and the Sanctions Panel.

The Sanctions Officer is responsible for reviewing CEIU investigations for preponderance of evidence and imposing appropriate sanctions against parties that engaged in Prohibited Practices. The decision of the Sanctions Officer may be appealed by a sanctioned party to the Sanctions Panel.

The Sanctions Officer also reviews debarments by major multilateral development banks under the Agreement for Mutual Enforcement of Debarment Decisions (AMEDD) and approves its inclusion in AIIB’s Debarment List.

Ludger Schuknecht

Hua Tian

Sanctions Officer

Hua Tian was appointed by the AIIB President as AIIB’s Sanctions Officer in August 2025.

Hua Tian is concurrently the Acting Vice President and Corporate Secretary. She is responsible for AIIB’s relations with its Members, the Board of Governors, the Board of Directors, other aspects of governance including the admission of new Members and the integrity of the Bank’s governance. She also oversees how the Bank communicates with key external stakeholders and has supervision over its awareness-building and brand and reputation management efforts to promote understanding of the Bank’s operations and mission among internal and external audiences. Tian has held progressively senior roles in the Bank, most recently serving as Director General and Assistant Corporate Secretary. Before joining AIIB in 2016, she served in various capacities with the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Commerce of China, and worked for many years as a diplomat in South Africa and Zimbabwe. She has extensive experience in trade and economics, diplomacy, stakeholder management, governance and institution building. Tian has MAs in both English Linguistics and Economics from Nankai University, an MPA from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and a Ph.D. in World Economics from Nankai University. Tian is from the People’s Republic of China.



For additional information on Integrity at AIIB, please visit: Frequently Asked Questions on Integrity.